How can delamination be confirmed besides sounding?

• A. Ground-penetrating radar or other nondestructive testing; core sampling may be used for confirmation.
• B. Visual inspection only
• C. Thermal imaging only
• D. Magnetic particle testing

Answer: (C)

Thermal imaging detects how heat moves through concrete and can reveal delaminated zones by showing differences in surface temperature response. When a deck has a delamination, the trapped moisture and voids between layers change the way heat is conducted, so those spots heat up or cool down differently than sound concrete. An infrared image will display these areas as distinct patterns or anomalies, providing a visual confirmation beyond the audible tap tests. This method is quick, non-contact, and can cover large areas from the surface, making it a practical way to confirm suspected delaminations in the field. Be aware that readings can be affected by surface moisture, shading, or ambient conditions, so interpretation should consider these factors and, if needed, be supported by other nondestructive tests or core samples for confirmation.